A study has estimated the cost of PV project soiling may increase from €3-5 billion last year to €4-7 billion by 2023 due to more extensive deployment in high insolation and soiling-affected regions, ...

Scientists are developing a low-cost, transparent, anti-soiling coating for solar reflectors to optimize energy efficiency while lowering operating and maintenance costs and avoiding negative ...

Soiling loss – the reduction in irradiance absorbed by a solar module due to the accumulation of particulate matter on its surface – is an important variable to characterize and monitor at utility ...

Soiling significantly reduces the efficiency of solar energy systems. Dust, pollen, bird droppings, leaves and other contaminants that adhere to photovoltaic (PV) modules or mirrors reduce the global ...

Constipation is a common problem in children with low-fiber 'Western' diets, but it can usually be treated effectively, typically through laxatives and behavioral modification. Many children with ...